Thyroid storm, also called thyrotoxic crisis, is a life-threatening medical emergency caused by very high levels of circulating thyroid hormone. Since thyroid storm can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention, in many cases, healthcare providers diagnose and start treating people who have signs of thyroid storm before they get blood results back indicating the level of thyroid hormones in their blood. Thyrotoxic Storm Following Thyroidectomy Guidelines - Medscape [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. 2012 Jul. think functional metastatic thyroid cancer. Management of thyroid storm is a multistep process. Nausea, vomiting, severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, hepatocellular dysfunction-jaundice, 4. [Full Text]. Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Please confirm that you would like to log out of Medscape. 2010 Jul-Aug;16(4):673-6. doi: 10.4158/EP09265.CR. THYROID. Successful treatment with reserpine in cases of thyroid storm resistant to large doses of propranolol has been documented. Lugol solution or saturated solution of potassium iodide can be used. Sudden events that can trigger a thyroid storm include: Common signs and symptoms of thyroid storm include: Less common signs and symptoms of thyroid storm include: A healthcare provider diagnoses thyroid storm if the person has severe and life-threatening symptoms, such as extreme fever and heart issues, and high levels of thyroid hormone and low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in their blood. 2014 Apr. Please type the correct Captcha word to see email ID. If you had a subtotal thyroidectomy and are not immediately put on thyroid hormone medications, watch carefully for symptoms of hypothyroidism and contact your healthcare provider if they occur. Br J Anaesth. 2015 Feb 1. National Library of Medicine The excess activity could increase your chance of developing a hematoma or keep your wound from healing properly. Bile acid sequestrants to prevent your gut from reabsorbing thyroid hormone. A severe case of thyrotoxicosis is called thyroid storm, or thyroid crisis. 2019 Jan. 29(1):36-43. Ther Apher Dial. As with other side effects and complications, the timing of symptoms can vary from one person to the next. Emergent thyroidectomy has been shown to be safe for treating TS without obtaining euthyroid status prior to the procedure. A Patient with Graves' Disease Scheduled for Thyroidectomy - Hindawi Int J Endocrinol Metab. Nagata T, Shimada Y, Miwa T, Hashimoto I, Kojima H, Okumura T, Tsukada K. Surg Today. Propranolol blocks beta-adrenergic receptors and prevents conversion of T4 to T3. Prior to radioiodine therapy or surgery, a patient should be made euthyroid with antithyroid drugs and propranolol. The head of your bed will be raised to reduce swelling, and you will be allowed to eat a regular diet. Journal of Thyroid Research. If hypocalcemia is severe, the condition can progress to symptoms of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), difficulty breathing (due to muscle spasms in the voice box), kidney stones, heart failure, and/or seizures. South Med J. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Symptoms and Signs of Thyroid Storm When Compared with Uncomplicated Thyrotoxicosis. If yours does not, talk to your surgeon about seeing a specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation (a physiatrist) or a physical therapist who can work with you to improve the flexibility of your neck and design an exercise program to restore your neck mobility. Perioperative risk as it relates to the degree of thyroid dysfunction is also discussed separately. Nafisa K Kuwajerwala, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Society of Breast Surgeons, American Society of Breast DiseaseDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. It produces dramatic improvement in clinical status and greatly ameliorates symptoms. National trends in incidence, mortality, and clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized for thyrotoxicosis with and without thyroid storm in the United States, 2004-2013. Thabet Abbarah, MD, FACS Consulting Staff, Department of Otolaryngology, North Oakland Medical Centers https://profreg.medscape.com/px/getpracticeprofile.do?method=getProfessionalProfile&urlCache=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbWVkaWNpbmUubWVkc2NhcGUuY29tL2FydGljbGUvODUwOTI0LW92ZXJ2aWV3. Always taking your medication as prescribed by your healthcare provider. These symptoms typically last for only a short time. [Full Text]. Burch HB, Wartofsky L. Life-threatening thyrotoxicosis. Failure of esmolol to control tachycardia associated with thyroid storm after subtotal thyroidectomy. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002812, Almquist M, Hallgrimsson P, Nordenstrm E, Bergenfelz A. Light housekeeping and walking are usually fine once you arrive home. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies In thyroid storm, intensive management as described below improves the chance of survival. -, J Clin Gastroenterol. Radioactive iodine may be used to ablate metastatic deposits and treat thyrotoxicosis. For more information, see the FDA Safety Alert. PTU should not be used in pediatric patients unless the patient is allergic to or intolerant of methimazole, and no other treatment options are available. Bone scan showed focal uptake in the right distal femur and left iliac bone suggestive of lytic lesions. If hoarseness persists, especially if it is still present six months after surgery, it's likely that the recurrent laryngeal nerve was injured. Thyroid surgery: common questions and concerns, Impact of potassium iodide on thyroidectomy for Graves disease: Implications for safety and operative difficulty, Factors associated with neck hematoma after thyroidectomy: a retrospective analysis using a japanese inpatient database. You are being redirected to Researchers arent yet sure why certain factors can result in thyroid storms. Thyroid. Keep in mind that even when complications occur, which is not common, prompt treatment is often successful to restore your health. Thyroid nodules are usually benign (noncancerous), but they can be malignant (cancerous). Thyroid Hormone Reference Range May Not Apply for Cancer Patients, FDA OKs Pembrolizumab for Adjuvant Treatment of NSCLC, Recognizing the Signs: Heart Failure and Type 2 Diabetes, Myopathies: Muscling Your Way to the Diagnosis. 2013 Nov;122(11):679-82. doi: 10.1177/000348941312201103. The average age of a person who gets thyroid storm is 42 to 43 years. Angell TE, Lechner MG, Nguyen CT, Salvato VL, Nicoloff JT, LoPresti JS. 1. -, Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. Only a few studies have tried to report the risks of hypoparathyroidism. [11]. Endocr J. 2020 June 20. 2018;40(1):192-202. doi:10.1002/hed.24934. If you have a subtotal thyroidectomy, which means all but a small portion of your thyroid is removed to try to preserve thyroid function, hypothyroidism sometimes still occurs and you will need monitoring to see if replacement therapy is needed. The primary reason for concern is that neck bleeding, which can be life-threatening, may occur after a person has returned home after outpatient surgery. The intravenous preparation of sodium iodide (given as 1 g slow infusion q8-12h) has been taken off of the market. What Is a Parathyroid Hormone Blood Test? If left untreated, this may lead to multi-organ failure and death. Although thyroid storm can develop if you have long-term untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism, its often caused by a sudden and intense (acute) event or situation. 46(2):149-52. Respiratory treatment, such as supplemental oxygen. A seroma is a collection of fluid that can occur after many types of surgery. Adequate therapy should resolve the crisis within a week. If Steri-Strips were applied, these will usually stay in place for around a week. Bookshelf StatPearls [Internet]. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, and no specific laboratory tests are available. Treatment of the situation or illness that caused your thyroid storm. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. (See "Nonthyroid surgery in the patient with thyroid disease" and "Surgical management of hyperthyroidism" and "Thyroidectomy" and "Thyroid storm".) In turn, increased THs increase the density of beta-adrenergic receptors, thereby enhancing the effect of catecholamines. Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. We herein describe the case of a 37-year-old patient with a history of Graves' disease who was transferred to Tottori University Hospital with thyroid storm. 388(10047):906-918. Mary Shomon is a writer and hormonal health and thyroid advocate. Use of a cooled humidified oxygen tent is advised. Cooling blankets, ice packs, and alcohol sponges encourage dissipation of heat. 2018;60:273-278. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.11.013, Hope N, Kelly A. Pre-operative Lugols iodine treatment in the management of patients undergoing thyroidectomy for Graves disease: a review of the literature. Br J Anaesth. You will experience some discomfort at the incision site as well as a raw or sore throat from the breathing tube that . Aggressive fluid and electrolyte therapy is needed for dehydration and hypotension. 216.444.6568 Appointments & Locations Request an Appointment Virtual Visits for Diabetes Thabet Abbarah, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of SurgeonsDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. 63(12):1025-64. Thyroid storm, also referred to as thyrotoxic crisis, is an acute, life-threatening, hypermetabolic state induced by excessive release of thyroid hormones (THs) in individuals with thyrotoxicosis. Use of glucocorticoids in thyroid storm is associated with improved survival rates. Akamizu T. Thyroid storm: a Japanese perspective. Thyroid storm is a clinical manifestation of an extreme hyperthyroid state that results in significant morbidity or disability or even death. For patient education resources, see theThyroid and Metabolism Center as well as Thyroid Problems,Thyroid Storm, and Graves Disease. Injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is usually less obvious. Acetaminophen is the drug of choice, as aspirin may displace thyroid hormone from binding sites and increase severity of thyroid storm. This can include changes in blood pressure or heart problems. The decision to use aggressive therapy in patients with a BWPS of 2544 is based on clinical judgment. [16] Digoxin may be used in larger doses than those normally used in other conditions. Tower 1, Capital Square, Vci t 76. It's also important to talk about how to properly take your medication, as food and many drugs and supplements can interfere with absorption. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. It doesn't matter WHY your thyroid was removed, once it is removed you now have a sluggish thyroid. Akamizu T, Satoh T, Isozaki O, et al, for the Japan Thyroid Association. 12(2):e13539. It is uncommon, but when it occurs after thyroidectomy, it is usually associated with Grave's disease. This excessive hypermetabolic state, with increased intestinal transit and tachypnea, leads to immense fluid loss. Antithyroid drugs are continued until a normal metabolic state is reached. Some causes of rapidly increased thyroid hormone levels include the following: Other common precipitants include the following: Although it can develop in toxic adenoma or multinodular toxic goiter, thyroid storm is more commonly seen in toxicity secondary toGraves disease. Be sure that you know what your at-home treatment regimen entails (medication, supplementation) and how to take any pain medications prescribed, if applicable. If you log out, you will be required to enter your username and password the next time you visit. Factors predictive of the development of surgical site infection in thyroidectomy - An analysis of NSQIP database. -, Thyroid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. [Full Text]. Trends in the incidence and in-hospital outcomes of cardiogenic shock complicating thyroid storm. De Leo S, Lee SY, Braverman LE. Most often, lifelong calcium supplementation is all that is needed. [5, 8], Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a rare complication of thyroid storm, which occurs more commonly in male patients with preexisting structural and atherosclerotic heart disease, and carries a very poor prognosis. Successful treatment of thyroid storm with plasmapheresis in a patient with methimazole-induced agranulocytosis. Endoscopic thyroidectomy using the EZ-VANS method. Knowing what to expect before your thyroid surgery is helpful for coping with potential side effects, reducing complications, and undergoing an easier recovery process. Diagnostic criteria, clinical features, and incidence of thyroid storm based on nationwide surveys. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. [Full Text]. [Full Text]. Hypoparathyroidism is when you have too little parathyroid hormone, which can lead to low calcium levels. Anticoagulation drugs may be needed for atrial fibrillation and can be administered in the absence of contraindications. permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright 1994-2023 by WebMD LLC. Once your thyroid is removed you are now considered to be HYPOTHYROID. Having a high fever. PTU is indicated for hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease. FOIA 2017;157(2):210-216. doi:10.1177/0194599817700583, Myssiorek D, Ahmed Y, Parsikia A, Castaldi M, Mcnelis J. In review of 41,835 patients with thyroid storm between 2003-2011, there was an increase in incidence of CS from 0.5% in 2003 to 3% in 2011 but a decrease in mortality from 60.5% in 2003 to 20.9% in 2011. Six hours after the end of surgery, oral propylthi-ouracil was resumed, and 12 hours after surgery, the patient's heart rate came down to 100 beats per minute. [Guideline] Satoh T, Isozaki O, Suzuki A, et al. Side effects, such as neck pain and stiffness or sore throat, are common after surgery. Thyroid storm is a medical emergency and is life-threatening. Lid lag, which is when your upper eyelid is higher than it should be when youre looking down. Rare cases of embryopathy, including aplasia cutis, have been reported with methimazole during pregnancy. Mohananey D, Smilowitz N, Villablanca PA, et al. [7]. . Thyroid storm is a medical emergency and needs to be treated in a hospital. Presently, esmolol is the ultra-short-acting beta-blocking agent used successfully in thyrotoxicosis and thyroid storm. Angell TE, Lechner MG, Nguyen CT, Salvato VL, Nicoloff JT, LoPresti JS. 2016 Aug 27. All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright 1994-2023 by WebMD LLC. Galindo RJ, Hurtado CR, Pasquel FJ, Garcia Tome R, Peng L, Umpierrez GE. Table. Thyroid storm is a serious and life-threatening medical condition. 2009 Feb. 102(2):193-5. It is uncommon, but when it occurs after thyroidectomy, it is usually associated with Grave's disease. If the nerve was injured, more severe symptoms may be noted after surgery. During this time, the staff will monitor you closely for any signs of neck swelling that could indicate a neck hematoma. When only part of it is removed, it may continue to function as normal without medication but it may not. This can lead to a sore throat and the sensation of a lumplike something is stuck in your throatwith swallowing. Approximately 5 to 7 people per 1 million people in the United States experience thyroid storm. 10th ed.,Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW), 2012. However, guanethidine and reserpine cannot be used in the presence of cardiovascular collapse or shock. Get our printable guide for your next healthcare provider's appointment to help you ask the right questions. Cardiac findings of mild-to-moderate sinus tachycardia in thyrotoxicosis intensify to accelerated tachycardia, hypertension, high-output cardiac failure, and a propensity to develop cardiac arrhythmias. Hyperthermia is treated through central cooling and peripheral heat dissipation. DOI: 10.15406/mojcr.2021.11. Thyroid Storm: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment - Cleveland Clinic Thyrotoxicosis: Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment - Cleveland Clinic A diagnosis of thyroid storm was made and she was transferred to our hospital. 2019 Apr. Thyroid storm is a rare and life-threatening condition that can affect people with hyperthyroidism. These hormones are vital to your body's proper function as they affect nearly every cell in your body. American thyroid association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: The American thyroid association guidelines task force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. 2009 Feb. 102(2):193-5. Blocking the synthesis, secretion, and peripheral action of the thyroid hormone is the ideal therapy. But if severe symptoms occur, intravenous calcium, which is delivered through a vein, in the hospital may be required. 1. PDF Thyroid storm after thyroidectomy? think 'functional metastatic thyroid Galindo RJ, Hurtado CR, Pasquel FJ, Garcia Tome R, Peng L, Umpierrez GE. Thyroidectomy is an option when other treatments fail or are contraindicated, or when a goiter is causing compressive symptoms. In addition to regulating your metabolism, the . Less than 1% of people having a thyroidectomy will experience damage to either the recurrent laryngeal nerve or the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Risk of hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy Plasmapheresis, plasma exchange, peritoneal dialysis exchange transfusion, and charcoal plasma perfusion are other techniques used to remove excess circulating hormone. They secrete parathyroid hormone that helps your kidneys and bones to maintain the balance of calcium and phosphorous. Thyroid storm, also called thyrotoxic crisis, is a life-threatening medical emergency caused by very high levels of circulating thyroid hormone. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. [13] Additional measures are taken to identify and treat the precipitating factor, followed by definitive treatment to avoid recurrence. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Impact of potassium iodide on thyroidectomy for Graves disease: Implications for safety and operative difficulty. Thyroid Surgery Recovery, Side Effects, and Complications - Verywell Health Slowly raise your arms overhead, and then slowly lower them back down against your body. Other supportive treatments to help with symptoms and side effects. The risk of infection is present with any type of surgery but is relatively rare with thyroid surgery. Some surgeons may reintroduce iodine for 10 days prior to surgery if subtotal thyroidectomy is planned. 388(10047):906-918. Martin D. Disseminated intravascular coagulation precipitated by thyroid storm. Side effects of thyroid surgery are common and include neck pain, a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, and temporary hypoparathyroidism that usually resolves within a few weeks. As the patient improves, reduce digoxin dose. 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis. 2016 Guidelines for the management of thyroid storm from The Japan Thyroid Association and Japan Endocrine Society (First edition). Pokhrel B, Aiman W, Bhusal K. Thyroid Storm. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Thyroidectomy - Thyroid UK After improvement of thyroid function, which generally occurs within 24 hours, iodine can be gradually discontinued and glucocorticoids tapered and discontinued. Patients intolerant to iodine can be treated with lithium, which also impairs thyroid hormone release. 2012 Jul. If you log out, you will be required to enter your username and password the next time you visit. A drop in binding protein levels, which may occur postoperatively, might cause a sudden rise in free hormone levels. Hambleton C, Buell J, Saggi B, Balart L, Shores NJ, Kandil E. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. [15]. 2015 Feb 1. In the meantime, be sure to contact your thyroid-care team if you have any questions regarding your recovery process. KI is recommended to reduce thyroid gland vascularity with the goal of improving operative visualization and reducing operative complications. If you are having thyroid surgery, known as a thyroidectomy, to remove all or part of your thyroid glanda butterfly shaped organ at the base of your neckit's important to know what to expect as you recover. Medscape Education. With the proper medical treatment, youll likely feel better within 24 hours. StatPearls [Internet]. 2524 N. Broadway Edmond Oklahoma 73034. Thyroid Storm Treatment & Management - Medscape This is because you'll no longer have a gland to make thyroid hormone and will experience symptoms of hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid, without replacement therapy. Surg Today. A 46-Year-Old Woman With Dyspnea From an Inhalational Exposure, Triggering Thyroid Storm and Subsequent Multi-Organ System Failure. What happens after a thyroidectomy depends on how much of the thyroid gland is removed. Thyroid storm after thyroidectomy? She is the author of "The Thyroid Diet Revolution.". Thyroid. She also had acute heart failure, atrial fibrillation and hepatic failure. She had been followed by her family doctor since 2006, but she had stopped taking her medication of her own volition in 2010. Patients with a BurchWartofsky Point Scale (BWPS) of 45 or Japanese Thyroid Association (JTA) categories of thyroid storm 1 (TS1) or thyroid storm 2 (TS2) with evidence of systemic decompensation require aggressive therapy. Symptoms and Signs of Thyroid Storm When Compared with Uncomplicated Thyrotoxicosis. Gunateet Goswami, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association, American Society of Echocardiography, Michigan State Medical SocietyDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. Treatment usually includes IV antibiotics, which are medications to kill bacteria that are delivered through a vein. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Thyroid storm (TS) is an acute, life-threatening emergency. Like you dont have control of your body. encoded search term (Thyrotoxic Storm Following Thyroidectomy) and Thyrotoxic Storm Following Thyroidectomy, Hyperthyroidism, Thyroid Storm, and Graves Disease. After thyroidectomy, some people may experience neck pain and a hoarse or weak voice. There has been some controversy over inpatient vs. outpatient thyroidectomies, especially with the recent trend toward same-day surgery. Iodine therapy should be administered after approximately 1 hour following administration of PTU or MMI; iodine used alone helps to increase thyroid hormone stores and may increase the thyrotoxic state. Werner and Ingbar'sThe Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text. Moreover, the high-calorie content of junk food might contribute to sudden weight gain. https://profreg.medscape.com/px/getpracticeprofile.do?method=getProfessionalProfile&urlCache=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbWVkaWNpbmUubWVkc2NhcGUuY29tL2FydGljbGUvODUwOTI0LXRyZWF0bWVudA==. We herein describe the case of a 37-year-old patient with a history of Graves' disease who was transferred to Tottori University Hospital with thyroid storm. Burch HB, Wartofsky L. Life-threatening thyrotoxicosis. Approach Considerations Goals of treatment are lowering of thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion, reduction of circulating thyroid hormones, control of the peripheral effects of thyroid. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Venkata Subramanian Kanthimathinathan, MD Fellow in Bariatric/Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery, University of Missouri HealthcareDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. MeSH 2016 Oct. 26(10):1343-1421. American Thyroid Association statement on outpatient thyroidectomy. By Mary Shomon Venkata Subramanian Kanthimathinathan, MD Fellow in Bariatric/Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery, University of Missouri HealthcareDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. The ENT doctor will perform a procedure called a direct laryngoscopy to visualize the vocal cords and see if a tracheostomy, an incision in the neck for breathing, is needed. She received steroids, beta blockade, potassium iodide, and plasma exchange, but her hepatic failure did not resolve and her clinical condition deteriorated. World J Surg. Anatomic characteristics, identification, and protection of the nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy. Presently, these techniques are reserved for patients who do not respond to the initial line of management. Your thyroid gland plays a large role in many important bodily functions. Endocr Pract. Fast Five Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Hyperthyroidism? Zhong HJ, Yang TD. Symptoms of thyroid storm include a fever (over 102 degrees F in most people), profuse sweating, a rapid heart rate, and sometimes delirium (severe confusion). Nafisa K Kuwajerwala, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Society of Breast Surgeons, American Society of Breast DiseaseDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. However, she was readmitted to the hospital with encephalopathy, tachycardia, and hypoxia. . Thyroid Gland Removal: Procedure, Risks, and Aftercare - Healthline Treating your body systems and tissues, such as your heart, that are affected by the excess thyroid hormone. MOJ Clin Med Case Rep. 2021;11(5):136. Martin D. Disseminated intravascular . -. This condition is rare and requires immediate medical attention, as it can be life-threatening. Like your heart is going to beat out of your chest. She has yet to follow up with her outpatient endocrinologist.1-4. 2016 Aug 27. Post Operative Expectations | American Thyroid Association If your healthcare provider prescribes thyroid replacement therapy, be sure to have a conversation with them before leaving the hospital about when to start the medication, which medication you need, and at what dosage. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Pankaj Chaturvedi, MBBS, MS, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Head and Neck Society, Association of Surgeons of IndiaDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. PDF Intraoperative thyroid storm: A case report - American Association of You should not submerge, soak, or scrub your incision, and bathing in a tub should be avoided until you see your surgeon. Thyroid storm complicated by fulminant hepatic failure: case report and literature review. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support and total thyroidectomy in patients with refractory thyroid storm: case series and literature review. Thyrotoxicosis shouldn't be eliminated from the differential when a patient has had thyroidectomy especially when they have metastatic disease. Goals of treatment are lowering of thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion, reduction of circulating thyroid hormones, control of the peripheral effects of thyroid hormone, resolution of systemic manifestation, and treatment of precipitating illness. Outpatient versus inpatient thyroidectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Muller C, Perrin P, Faller B, Richter S, Chantrel F. Role of plasma exchange in the thyroid storm. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Common symptoms include having a high fever and a rapid heart rate. Akamizu T. Thyroid storm: a Japanese perspective. 2020 Jun 12;56(6):290. doi: 10.3390/medicina56060290. Mimi S Kokoska, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Association for Physician Leadership, American College of Surgeons, American Head and Neck SocietyDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. Thyroid Surgery (Thyroidectomy): Prep and Recovery - Verywell Health
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