Finding the Roe baby would provide not only exposure but, as she saw it, a means to assail Roe in the most visceral way. You know how she can be mean and nasty and totally go off on people? Shelley asked, speaking of Norma. The actual reality of the callous disregard for women led her to change her mind on abortion. In 1967 she gave up a second child for adoption immediately after giving birth. The tabloid turned to a woman named Toby Hanft. Ill be serving the Lord and helping women save their babies, Norma McCorvey declared after her switch in position. And I dont know when Ill ever be readyif ever. She added: In some ways, I cant forgive her I know now that she tried to have me aborted.. McCorvey didnt hear those arguments in court and she didnt attend any of the hearings or appeals. But in 2009, five years after Connie had a stroke, Norma left her. When Norma McCorvey became pregnant with her third child, Henry McCluskey turned to the couple raising her second. Pro-abortionists often claimed that the only recourse women had was a filthy abortion clinic. Then she very publicly changed her mind. She hurried home. Frank Pavone of Priests for Life, Norma converted to Catholicism. Tracing leads, I found my way to her in early 2011. Nine years after Roe v. Wade, and before her conversion, Norma stated: Im very saddened that other people want to abolish something that women should naturally already have., Do women naturally have the right to kill their children? The Courts decision alluded only obliquely to the existence of Normas baby: In his majority opinion, Justice Harry Blackmun noted that a pregnancy will come to term before the usual appellate process is complete. The pro-life community saw the unknown child as the living incarnation of its argument against abortion. When you buy a book using a link on this page, we receive a commission. Norma's mother communicated to her that she did not want to give birth to her. And then it was too late. You aint never seen a happier woman, Billy recalled. Its easy to get tripped up. And from their first date, at a Taco Bell, Shelley found that she could be open with him. She set everything else aside and worked in secrecy. Speaker 9: She got thrown into the public spotlight in the most insane way and her life changed forever. After an attempt to procure one either legally or illegally failed, she was referred by her adoption attorrney to attorneys Linda Coffee and Sarah Weddington, who had been working to find an abortion case to bring to the Supreme Court. One of the accusations against pro-lifers was that they told Norma what to say. The article does state that the documentary portrayed Norma as being used as a pawn for the pro-life movement. Pavone wrote that Norma McCorvey suffered in so many ways. And he was on deadline. McCorvey also testified in front of Congress and joined pro-life protests. The lawyers needed someone who was pliablesomeone who would do as they said. Norma McCorvey. Though there was animosity at first, a candid conversation between ORs Flip Benham and Norma caused Norma to reconsider her stance on abortion. In trying to unearth the real. Ruth was ecstatic. In early 1991, Shelley found herself pregnant. Allred interjected that the decision was about choice. But for Norma it was more directly connected to publicity and, she hoped, income. Safe is a relative word, of course. Those are things we all need. She lived there until she was 15. Shelley found herself wondering not only about her birth parents but also about the two older half sisters her mother had told her she had. Their lives resist the tidy narratives told on both sides of the abortion divide. Thereafter, slowly, she became an activistworking at first with pro-choice groups and then, after becoming a born-again Christian in 1995, with pro-life groups. But then you have to consider what abortion rights are around the world to get a complete picture of the delicate nature of abortion. He, too, had been adopted. Norma McCorvey, known as Jane Roe in the US Supreme Court's decision on Roe v Wade, shocked the country in 1995 when she came out against abortion. In the early 1970s, McCorvey was pregnant and trying to find an illegal abortionist. She was 69. Jennifer wanted to meet her, and she soon would. She spoke gruffly and sometimes inappropriately. The Supreme Court, with a 63 conservative majority, is scheduled to take up the question of abortion in its upcoming term. Alternate titles: Jane Roe, Norma Lea Nelson. She was born Norma Leigh Nelson on Sept. 22, 1947, in Simmesport, Louisiana. I received her into the Catholic Church in 1998. If its just the womans choice, and she chooses to have an abortion, then it should be safe. What a life, she jotted in a note that she later gave to Shelley, always looking over your shoulder. Shelley wrote out a list of things she might do to somehow cope with her burden: read the Roe ruling, take a DNA test, and meet Norma. McCorvey found herself on both sides of the issue, first as a pro-choice advocate, who worked in women's clinics. McCorvey was referred to feminist lawyers Linda Coffee and Sarah Weddington, who had been seeking just such a client to challenge the laws restricting access to abortion. She told Shelley that they could meet in person. Regardless of the attraction one may feel, living in sin goes against Gods will for us. She clung to His love and forgiveness. She became instead, with the help of McCluskey, the only child of a woman in Dallas named Ruth Schmidt and her eventual husband, Billy Thornton. And, like we all must, she clung to Him. We already had adopted one of her children, the mother, Donna Kebabjian, recalled in a conversation years later. He educated them. "Wow: Norma McCorvey . And she delivered. Leave us alone. Again, she began to cry. Ruth in particular, Shelley would recall, felt it was important that she know she had been chosen. But even the chosen wonder about their roots. She was still afraid to let her secret out, but she hated keeping it in. McCluskey had introduced Norma to the attorney who initially filed the Roe lawsuit and who had been seeking a plaintiff. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. And yet for all its prominence, the person most profoundly connected to it has remained unknown: the child whose conception occasioned the lawsuit. During this time, she began working as a car hop at a fast food restaurant. They werent thinking about the fact that she may truly not have understood the implications of what she was about to do. Her mother and stepfather took custody of her daughter and raised her for most of her childhood. why did john aldridge leave liverpool; david mccann obituary; kamloops disappearance; trinity university dorm; why did norma mccorvey change her mind. Norma knew her first child, Melissa. Norma grew up in a poverty-stricken home as the younger of two siblings. In 1989 McCorvey was portrayed by the actress Holly Hunter in the TV movie Roe vs. Wade, and that same year activist lawyer Gloria Allred took McCorvey under her wing. Regardless of the documentarys many inconsistencies, the out-of-context quotes, the hazy timelines, and clips that were clearly edited to give a slant in a certain direction, pro-lifers who knew her say that she could not have been faking her pro-life convictions for over two decades. Having idly mused as a girl that her birth mother was a beautiful actor, she now knew that her birth mother was synonymous with abortion. Ruth interjected, We dont believe in abortion. Hanft turned to Shelley. Oddly, even though McCorvey was referred to Weddington and Coffee for the purpose of figuring out a way to get an abortion . The Jane Roe of Roe v. Wade, who has become a mouthpiece for the right wing, is ready to tell the world that her decades-long stint as the shiniest trophy of the anti . A name that often evokes sadness. Norma was the perfect candidate. The women painted and cleaned apartments in a pair of buildings in South Dallas. McCorvey's biographer recently told the Times that he thought her ultimate motivation in taking up the anti-abortion cause was more complicated than just financial need though it's clear it played a significant role. Shelley had replied, she recalled, that she hoped Norma and Connie would be discreet in front of her son: How am I going to explain to a 3-year-old that not only is this person your grandmother, but she is kissing another woman? Norma yelled at her, and then said that Shelley should thank her. Those who were part of the pro-abortion movement before Roe v. Wade later divulged that they, as a group, exaggerated the amount of deaths. Her story shows the ways class, religion and money shape abortion politics in the United States. Doors slammed. Despite waging a successful, high-profile legal battle to . She then sought the assistance of an adoption lawyer. Shelley was happy. Numerous headlines have suggested that McCorvey was " paid to change her mind " on abortion, despite the fact that those are not actually her words. I later arranged to buy the papers from Norma, and they are now in a library at Harvard. To pro-life Americans, however, McCorvey was much more than Jane Roe. Norma McCorvey had already had two children when she became pregnant for the third time in 1969. Decades after her father left home, it would occur to Shelley that the genesis of her unease preceded his disappearance. Speaker 11: Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Im glad to know that my birth mother is alive, she was quoted in the story as saying, and that she loves mebut Im really not ready to see her. Unknown to many, Norma McCorvey, the "Jane Roe" of the case, never had an abortion. At 15, McCorvey attempted an escape again. Each stop was one step further from Shelleys start in the world. They did coach her. Thanks to her newly public deathbed confession, we now know that's what Norma McCorvey, best known for being the plaintiff known as Jane Roe in the 1973 landmark supreme court case abortion . Shelley felt herself flush, and turned Lavin away. Billy, now a maintenance man for the apartment complex where the family lived in the city of Mesquite, Texas, was present for Shelley in a way he hadnt been for his other children. What is she going to say to that child when she finds him? a spokesman for the National Right to Life Committee had asked a reporter rhetorically. Her mother drank excessively. Lavin wrote that Shelley was of American historyboth a part of a great decision for women and the truest example of what the right to life can mean. Her desire to tell Shelleys story represented, she wrote, an obligation to our gender. She signed off with an invitation to call her at Seattles Stouffer Madison Hotel. Somewhere!. Norma McCorvey did not set out to be a hero. After all, they hadnt helped her get what she wanted an abortion. McCluskey had told Ruth and Billy that Shelley had two half sisters. One only has to look at the filthy conditions of Dr. Kermit Gosnells Philadelphia clinic to realize that decriminalizing abortion does not mean that women are safe. Omissions? Norma McCorvey is the real name of the woman many Americans now know as the Roe in Roe v. Wade. In April 1989, Norma McCorvey attended an abortion-rights march in Washington, D.C. She had revealed her identity as Jane Roe days after the Roe decision, in 1973, but almost a decade elapsed before she began to commit herself to the pro-choice movement. Robert Daemmrich Photography Inc/Corbis via Getty ImagesIn the 2010s, McCorvey admitted that she promoted the pro-life movement for money. But a failed marriage at 16 left her with a child she did not want. Although Ruth read the tabloids, she had missed a story about Norma that had run in Star magazine only a few weeks earlier under the headline Mom in Abortion Case Still Longs for Child She Tried to Get Rid Of. Hanft began to circle around the subject of Roe, talking about unwanted pregnancies and abortion. Mindful of her adoption, she wished to know who had brought her into being: her heart-shaped face and blue eyes, her shyness and penchant for pink, her frequent anxietywhich gripped her when her father began to drink heavily. Benham baptized her in 1995. But she got through ninth grade, shedding her Texas accent and making friends at Highline High. Though McCorvey identified herself shortly thereafter as the plaintiff Jane Roe, she remained mostly out of the limelight for the next decade. Instead, in what she characterizes as her "deathbed confession," McCorvey, who died in 2017 at age 69, alleges she was manipulated by the movement and paid to say what its leaders wanted her to. After abortion was decriminalized, Norma began working in an abortion clinic. What I do know is that the conversion and commitment, the agony and the joy I witnessed firsthand for 22 years was not a fake. An alcohol-fueled affair at 19 begat a second child. Wade plaintiff 'Jane Roe'? "It was a desire to be wanted and listened to," he said. Her plan for a Roseanne-style reunion was coming apart. Ms. McCorvey, who did not have an abortion but rather gave her child up for adoption as her case wound toward the Supreme Court, did not pinpoint a specific date when she changed her. Yes and no. I just didnt know it.. Months after filing Roe, Norma met a woman named Connie Gonzales, almost 17 years her senior, and moved into her home. There, McCorvey struggled through an unhappy and abusive childhood. They explained that the tabloid had recently found the child Roseanne Barr had relinquished for adoption as a teenager, and that the pair had reunited. He suggested that Hanft may have secretly recorded her; Shelley, he said, should trust no one. I found her! From there, Hanft traced Shelleys path to a town in Washington State, not far from Seattle. And when shes ready, Im ready to take her in my arms and give her my love and be her friend. But an unnamed Shelley made clear that such a day might never come. You can only take so much of nerviness. Women have been having abortions for thousands of years, she said. Neither side was ever willing to accept her for who she was, said historian David J. Garrow. Wild.. Hanft paid them to scan microfiche birth records for the asterisks that might denote an adoption. When I told her then how desperately I needed one, she could have told me where to go for it. She had to remind herself, she said, that knowing who you are biologically is not the same as knowing who you are as a person. She was the product of many influences, beginning with her adoptive mother, who had taught her to nurture her family. Playgrounds were a source of distress: Empty, they reminded Norma of Roe; full, they reminded her of the children she had let go. The family moved, and then moved again and again. The documentary also shows a woman who, though she said she always wanted to be an actress, looked extremely uncomfortable in front of cameras. (That interview was never published; the reporter kept his notes.) She was the first. Hanft, though, attested in writing that, to the contrary, she had started looking for Shelley in conjunction [with] and with permission from Ms. McCorvey. The tabloid had a written record of Normas gratitude. In December 2012, Shelley began to tell me the story of her life. The answer is actually pretty understandable. She was so very wounded.. Later that year, Shelley gave birth to a boy. Nine years her senior, he was courteous and loved cars. Norma could be salty and fun, but she was also self-absorbed and dishonest, and she remained, until her death in 2017, at the age of 69, fundamentally unhappy. Menu Someone! Jane Roe had already given birth to her child years earlier. Fast Facts: Norma McCorvey # . Norma McCorvey the "Jane Roe" whose search for a legal abortion led to Roe v. Wade famously changed her mind about abortion rights. When Shelley returned, she was shaking all over and crying.. Norma McCorvey was her legal name, but the general public knows her as Jane Roe in the 1973 Roe v. Wade Supreme Court case, which legalized abortion in the United States. Fr. I am done, she told Doug. Mary S. Calderone, founder of SIECUS, wrote, The [1955 Planned Parenthood] conference estimated that 90 per cent of all illegal abortions are done by physicians.. Norma spent the next several years drinking, doing drugs, and going in and out of relationships with both men and women. She helped him scissor through reams of construction paper and cooled his every bowl of Campbells chicken soup with two ice cubes. I wasnt good enough for them, McCorvey once said. He spoke lovingly and gently because He genuinely loved them. He knew two recent law school graduates, Sarah Weddington and Linda Coffee, who wanted to challenge the law. For not aborting her, said Norma, who of course had wanted to do exactly that. In 1984, Billy got back in touch with Ruth and asked to see their daughter. My association with Roe, she said, started and ended because I was conceived., Shelleys burden, however, was unending. According to Fr. It came to refer to the child as the Roe baby.. McCorveys father abandoned the family when she was 13; McCorveys mother was an abusive alcoholic. I did not call Shelley. Norma had told her own story in two autobiographies, but she was an unreliable narrator. Instead, I called her adoptive mother, Ruth, who said that the family had learned about Norma. Anyone who has ever spoken before a large crowd knows it is difficult and nerve-racking. Lorie Shaull/Wikimedia CommonsNorma McCorvey and her attorney, Gloria Allred, outside the Supreme Court in 1989. Years later, when Billys brother adopted a baby girl, Ruth decided that she wanted to adopt a child too. She told Shelley that shed given her up because, Shelley recalled, I knew I couldnt take care of you. She also told Shelley that she had wondered about her always. Shelley listened to Normas words and her smokers voice. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). She flipped from being a pro-choice activist in her 30s to a pro-life activist and born-again Christian in her 40's. McCorvey led a complex, sometimes tragic life. But not long after, McCorvey removed her veil of privacy. Shelley wanted no part of this. Unable to handle the family pressures, Norma's father left when she was young. McCorvey was often silenced by abortion rights advocates Mills said, while those who opposed abortion wanted her to change. Norma McCorvey was never quite a household name, but thanks to the alter-ego she adopted in 1969, the former waitress is today regarded as one of the most influential Americans of the past half . But in 1995 she became a born-again Christian and worked with anti-choice groups,. To better represent that divide in my book, I also wrote about an abortion provider, a lawyer, and a pro-life advocate who are as important to the larger story of abortion in America as they are unknown. In AKA Jane Roe, Norma claims that her mother never wanted a second child and made her feel worthless. But the real Jane Roe, Norma McCorvey, who has died aged 69 . Her daughter placed a call to him so he and Norma could speak. I knew what I didnt want to do, Shelley said. Although her pseudonym Jane Roe was used in the landmark Supreme Court case, Norma McCorvey was disengaged from the proceedings. Norma wanted the very thing that Shelley did nota public outing in the pages of a national tabloid. Early in the documentary, while pointing to a picture of Jesus, Norma claimed: Hes my boyfriend.. She especially welcomed the prospect of coming together with her half sisters. They hadnt even ordered dinner, but they hurried out. . Outspoken and earthy, McCorvey endured a childhood marked by poverty, her mother's alcoholism, petty crime, a spell in reform school and sexual abuse. (A woman had recently accused Norma of shortchanging her in a marijuana sale.) It wasnt until the end of her life that McCorvey shed any light on why her opinions had changed. From there, Norma McCorvey was sent to a reform school. Norma claims this man sexually abused her. You tell me. The case went all the way to the Supreme Court. Oct. 27, 2021. In 1998, McCorvey testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee where she petitioned for the overturn of Roe v. Wade. The papers helped me establish the true details of her life. In it, McCorvey who in later life became a prominent pro-life activist denies that she ever changed her mind on the subject. Only Melissa truly knew Norma. She was ambivalent about adoption, too. I can do that too. Shelley had told her children that she was adopted, but she never told them from whom. In March 2013, Shelley flew to Texas to meet her half sistersfirst Jennifer, in the city of Elgin, and then, together with Jennifer, their big sister, Melissa, at her home in Katy. Then in 1998, because of the influence of Fr. Screen Printing and Embroidery for clothing and accessories, as well as Technical Screenprinting, Overlays, and Labels for industrial and commercial applications She did not change her mind about abortion. rosemont seneca partners washington, dc. No. Thanks to the National Enquirer, read a statement that Norma had prepared for use by the newspaper, I know who my child is., On June 20, 1989, in bold type, just below a photo of Elvis, the Enquirer presented the story on its cover: Roe vs. Wade Abortion ShockerAfter 19 Years Enquirer Finds Jane Roes Baby. The explosive story unspooled on page 17, offering details about the childher approximate date of birth, her birth weight, and the name of the adoption lawyer. But the tremor would return. Roe might be a heavy load to carry. However, Norma claimed they changed the nature of their relationship and were just friends. Unwilling to put up with abuse, Norma kicked him out and divorced him. Five years later, a male relative took McCorvey in and repeatedly raped her. Gilbert Cass/Library of CongressIn 1973, the Supreme Court legalized abortion. Ms. McCorvey became a pro-life supporter in 1995 after spending years as a proponent of legal abortion. Im supposed to thank you for getting knocked up and then giving me away. Shelley went on: I told her I would never, ever thank her for not aborting me. Mother and daughter hung up their phones in anger. Did He berate Zaccheus? Shelley took Hanfts card and told her that she would call. When Woody began beating her, McCorvey left him. Despite everything, Shelley sometimes entertained the hope of a relationship with Norma. She was a convert to the pro-life cause, a long-time fellow warrior in the cause of life, a . A name that grew to also signify courage. When she became pregnant again in 1969, she wanted to have an abortion. But when, in the spring of 1994, Norma called Shelley to say that she and Connie, her partner, wished to come and visit, mother and daughter were soon at odds. Back home, Shelley wondered if talking to Norma might ease the situation or even make the tabloid go away. And they took in their similarities: the long shadow of their shared birth mother and the desperate hopes each of them had had of finding one another. Norma McCorvey has a deathbed confession to make. Shelley felt a rush of joy: The woman who had let her go now wanted to know her. Ruth turned to a lawyer, a friend of a friend. I realized that she was a big part of me and that I would probably never get rid of her. The original plaintiff behind Roe v. Wade is more than just a symbol in the abortion rights debate. Shelley was afraid to answer. The film depicts a clearly traumatized woman whose emotional scars nearly suffocated her at times. In addition to scholarly publications with top presses, she has written for Atlas Obscura and Ranker. Norma McCorvey grew up poor in Louisiana and Texas, with an abusive mother and an absent father. According to HLIs Brian Clowes, PhD, The actual Centers for Disease Control (CDC) figures on deaths caused by abortions, both legal and illegal, for those years immediately before Roe v. Wade (1973) were 90 deaths in 1970, 83 deaths in 1971, and 90 deaths in 1972. We saw her do the work of her conversion, namely, the hard work of repenting and grieving, behind the scenes, of her role in both legalizing abortion and helping kill babies in the clinics. For many whod seen her as a heroic figure the Jane Roe who helped American women secure abortion rights this shift was impossible to understand. Any woman who has aborted her child is wounded, whether she wants to admit it or not. She was 69. But she never had the abortion. Connie died in 2015. Norma McCorvey, 35, the Dallas mother whose desire to have an abortion was the basis for a landmark Supreme Court case, takes time from her job as a house painter to pose for a photograph in. She retired Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. She opposed abortion. In the decade since Norma had been thrust upon her, Shelley recalled, Norma and Roe had been always there. Unknowing friends on both sides of the abortion issue would invite Shelley to rallies. She charged clients $1,500 for a typical search, twice that if there was little information to go on. Billy and Ruth fought. And Hanft and Fitz warned ominously, as Chavez wrote in her neat cursive notes on the conversation, that without Shelleys cooperation, there was the possibility that a mole at the paper might sell her out. After all, they told Chavez, the pro-life movement would love to show Shelley off as a healthy, happy and productive person. And she was not looking for her second child. It was something of an underworld, Jonah said. When Norma McCorvey, the anonymous plaintiff in the landmark Roe v. Wade case, came out against abortion in 1995, it stunned the world and represented a huge symbolic victory for abortion . She began abusing drugs and alcohol and announced she was a lesbian. Norma moved out in 2006. Norma died in a nursing home in 2017. She struggled to see where her birth mother ended and she herself began. But in new footage, McCorvey alleges she was . Norma no longer wanted them. She told me the next month, when we met for the first time on a rainy day in Tucson, Arizona, that she also wished to be unburdened of her secret. Through it all, however, McCorvey struggled to reconcile her identity with that of Jane Roe. One woman was simply someone who wanted to terminate a pregnancy; the other was the face of a movement. It took a deathbed confession in 2017 to reveal the true motivation behind her change of mind and the complexity of the woman behind the pseudonym Jane Roe.. That same year, Ruth met Billy, the brother of another wife on the base. She was not at all eager to become a mother, she recalled; Doug intimated, she said, that she should consider having an abortion. Norma McCorvey was born on September 22, 1947, in Louisiana. You may want to add that to your article. In 1969, she became pregnant for the third time. Hanft and Fitz said that a DNA test could be arranged. She got into trouble frequently and at one point was sent to a reform school. AP/J. The ruling has been contested with ever-increasing intensity, dividing and reshaping American politics. She gave her baby girl up for adoption, and now that baby is an adult. Toby Hanft knew what it was to let go of a child. Norma Leah Nelson McCorvey (September 22, 1947 - February 18, 2017), also known by the pseudonym "Jane Roe", was the plaintiff in the landmark American legal case Roe v. Wade in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1973 that individual state laws banning abortion were unconstitutional.. Later in her life, McCorvey became an Evangelical Protestant and in her remaining years, a Roman Catholic . To come out as the Roe baby would be to lose the life, steady and unremarkable, that she craved. To many, McCorvey was a difficult figure to understand. She was wild. And do things together.. But by the end of her life, Norma McCorvey had come to terms with her identity as Jane Roe. You had to know cops. Jonah and his two brothers sometimes helped. "The abortion business is an inherently dehumanizing one," she testified in 2003. The brother introduced the couple to Henry McCluskey. She finally offered, she told me, that she couldnt see herself having an abortion. But there was no mistake: Shelley had been born in Dallas Osteopathic Hospital, where Norma had given birth, on June 2, 1970. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); it claims that Norma McCorvey faked her pro-life beliefs. She was 20. Norma landed in the papers. The lawyer recognized right away that Norma McCorvey would be a good plaintiff to challenge Texas abortion law. The pro-lifers who knew Norma well understood that she suffered emotional trauma even before she became Jane Roe. Further, after considerable discussion of the laws historical lack of recognition of rights of a fetus, the justices concluded the word person, as used in the 14th Amendment, does not include the unborn. The right of a woman to choose to have an abortion fell within this fundamental right to privacy, and was protected by the Constitution.. That battle is today at its most fierce. Norma McCorvey, the plaintiff "Jane Roe" in the Supreme Court's 1973 Roe v. Wade decision legalizing abortion virtually on demand, died Feb. 18 at an assisted-living facility in Katy, Texas. This is my deathbed confession, McCorvey said. The investigator handed Shelley a recent article about Norma in People magazine, and the reality sank in. the woman who served as the plaintiff in the infamous Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion in the United States. As the kids grew up, and began to resemble her and Doug in so many ways, Shelley found herself ever more mindful of whom she herself sometimes resembledmindful of where, perhaps, her anxiety and sadness and temper came from.
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