public broadcasting in the united states quizlet

On the television side, PBS NewsHour produces an evening newscast that airs on local PBS stations around the country. Offensive Advertising. Subliminal programming is designed to be perceived on a subconscious level only. It is the world's oldest listener-supported radio network. If your location is close to a radio station's transmitting antenna, then you may experience impaired reception of other stations. Station Identification Profane Material. Applications for License Renewal Broadcasting in the United States began with experiments with wireless transmission during the middle of the 19th century, with varying degrees of success. How to File an Obscenity, Indecency, or Profanity Complaint (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. Audio Description. Sponsorship Identification - Political Matter and Controversial Issues of Public Importance As discussed in more detail further in this Manual, each commercial station and most noncommercial stations must provide the public with information about how it has met its obligation in a quarterly report. Before its expiration, each station licensee must broadcast a series of announcements stating when its license expires, the filing date for the renewal application, the date by which formal petitions against the renewal must be filed, and how to obtain a copy of the application. The request and disposition must be placed in the file as soon as possible, which the Commission has determined is immediately absent extraordinary circumstances. When it launched in October 1970, PBS assumed many of the functions of its predecessor, National Educational Television (NET). From 1948 to 2013, foreign-targeted broadcasts, many of which were intended as propaganda, were barred from U.S. audiences because of the SmithMundt Act, a restriction that has since been lifted. Broadcasting in the United States - Wikipedia In general, we also do not regulate information provided over the Internet, nor do we intervene in private disputes involving broadcast stations or their licensees. NET was shut down by the Ford Foundation and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting after the network refused to stop airing documentaries on varying social issues that had received critical acclaim for their hard-hitting focus, but alienated many of the network's affiliates. Revised September 2021 A PDF version of this document is available HERE. Donor Lists for Non-Commercial Educational Channels ("NCEs") https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/v-chip-putting-restrictions-what-yo https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/childrens-educational-television, https://www.fcc.gov/media/television/childrens-educational-television-reporting-form-2100-schedule-h, https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/broadcasting-contests-lotteries-and-solicitation-funds. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main Issues/Programs Lists In a deviation from the affiliation model that began to emerge in commercial broadcast television in the late 1950s, in which a single station holds the exclusive local rights to a network's programming schedule, PBS maintains memberships with more than one non-commercial educational station in select markets (such as Los Angeles and Chicago, which both have three PBS member stations); in these conflict markets, PBS members which participate in the service's Program Differentiation Plan (PDP) are allocated a percentage of PBS-distributed programming for their weekly schedule the highest total of which is usually allocated to the market's "primary" PBS station often resulting certain programs airing on the PDP outlets on a delayed basis, unless the primary or an additional member station holds market exclusivity over a particular program.[23][24]. (American Public Media, which has provided data for this sheet in the past, did not do so this year.) Online Political Files [19] PBS would later acquire Educational Television Stations, an organization founded by the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB), in 1973.[20][21][22]. Petitions to deny the application must be filed by the first day of the last full calendar month before the expiring license term. Until the fall of 1948, regularly scheduled programming on the four networksthe American Broadcasting Company (ABC), the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS; later CBS Corporation ), the National Broadcasting Co. (NBC), and the DuMont Television Network, which folded in 1955was scarce. The "peculiar institution" was a phrase used by southerners describe What was the result of the Compromise of 1877? It directs us to base our broadcast licensing decisions on whether those actions will serve the public interest, convenience, and necessity. The FCC wants you to become involved. These requirements also apply to video clips that a video programming provider or distributor posts on its website or application, if the provider or distributor showed the video clip on television with captions. In addition, commercial stations must provide information identifying these programs to the publishers of program guides. These methods include open captioning, crawls, or scrolls that appear on the screen. The FCC does not regulate the volume of radio programming, including commercials. Under Category A of the processing guidelines, television licensees are eligible for routine staff-level approval of the children's television programming portion of their renewal applications if they air either (i) three hours per week (as averaged over a six month period) of Core Programming or (ii) 156 hours of Core Programming annually, including at least 26 hours per quarter of regularly scheduled weekly programming of at least 30 minutes in length and up to 52 hours annually of Core Programs of at least 30 minutes in length that are not aired on a regularly scheduled weekly basis, such as educational specials and regularly scheduled non-weekly programming. The Commission took a number of steps to minimize the burden of the online file on broadcast stations. 45 L Street NE Closed captioning is hidden as encoded data transmitted within the television signal. Security prices in efficient markets remain steady as new information becomes available. About _______ percent of southern white families owned slaves in 1840. However, some programming, such as news and sporting events, and unedited movies aired on premium cable channels, are not rated. Alternatively, you can also file an informal objection, which has fewer procedural requirements, often takes the form of a simple letter, and will be considered if received at any time before we either grant or deny the application. public broadcasting in the united states quizlet. The Commissions rules impose certain obligations on licensees to resolve these interference complaints. In contrast, NCE stations generally meet their operating expenses with contributions received from listeners and viewers, and also may receive government funding. Renewal Applications Children's Television Programming Reports Regardless of whether it is effective, the broadcast of subliminal material is inconsistent with a station's obligation to serve the public interest because it is designed to be deceptive. Obscene material is not protected by the First Amendment and cannot be broadcast at any time. TV stations also may identify their digital multicast programming streams separately if they want, and, if so, must follow the format described in the FCCs rules. The local stations then contract with program distributors and also provide some programming themselves. In early 2016, KIOF-LP (97.9 FM) in Las Vegas, Nevada began airing VOA News hourly, and is the only known public radio station in the United States to broadcast the VOA news service since the SmithMundt Act restrictions were lifted. Except for certain classes of political advertisements, station licensees have full discretion to accept or reject any advertising. Communications Act of 1934 | Definition, History, & Federal Public broadcasting is defined as a meeting place where all citizens are welcome and considered equals. 7.2 Evolution of Radio Broadcasting Host Selling. As with DTV, digital radio substantially improves the quality of the radio signal and allows a station to offer multicasting over several programming streams, as well as certain enhanced services. [2] Donations are widely dispersed to stations and producers, giving the system a resilience and broad base of support but diffusing authority and impeding decisive change and priority-setting.[3]. However, the advertising of smoking accessories, cigars, pipes, pipe tobacco, or cigarette-making machines is not prohibited. Soliciting Funds Obscene, Indecent and Profane Broadcasts | Federal Communications For additional information about the sponsorship identification and payola rules, see https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/fccs-payola-rules. Audio description is provided through the TV or set-top box secondary audio feature, which some TV controls identify as SAP or secondary audio program. Your TV user manual may provide information about activating the secondary audio feature. Subliminal Programming. Which of the following news sources reaches the MOST Americans? Facts of the case. Low power television and television translator stations were required to complete their transition to digital by July 31, 2021. NPR produces its own programming (PBS, by contrast, does not create its own content, which is instead produced by select member stations and independent program distributors). We give full consideration to the broadcast complaints, comments, and other inquiries that the Commission receives. This will help those involved in the selection of advertising material to become better informed about audience opinion. News and public affairs programs include PBS NewsHour, Frontline, and Washington Week. The practice of training reporters to produce a standardized, seemingly neutral news product was the result of the newspaper industry's realization that the best way to make a profit was to not alienate potential readers who held liberal or conservative political views. . (In this context, the word "radio" covers both broadcast radio and television.) In April 2007, the Commission delivered a Report to Congress recommending that the industry voluntarily commit to reducing the amount of this programming viewed by children. Requirement to Maintain a Public Inspection File The Civil Rights Act of 1875 attempted to protect former slaves from discrimination in public accommodations such as hotels and theaters. In the United States, the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) serves as the nation's main public television provider. Instead, we usually defer to the parties, courts, or other agencies to resolve these disputes. Digital Radio We also prohibit employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex. Loud Commercials. What does public broadcasting mean? (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax Rather, a petition to deny or informal objection against a stations license renewal application must either be filed electronically in the FCCs electronic database for that application, or by mail. We also do not review anyones qualifications to gather, edit, announce, or comment on the news. The Commissions home page (www.fcc.gov) contains additional information about the FCCs rules, current FCC proceedings, and other issues. IntroductionThe FCC And Its Regulatory Authority By public service broadcasting, I mean a system that is nonprofit and noncommercial, supported by public funds, ultimately accountable in some legally defined way to the citizenry, aimed at providing a service to the entire population, and one which does not apply commercial principles as the primary means to determine its programming. Which of the following is an example of a public broadcasting organization? Music stations are probably best known for playing classical music, although other formats are offered, including the time-honored "eclectic" music format that is rather freeform in nature common among college radio stations. These devices must include a simple and easy to use mechanism for accessing closed captioning. . If your concerns are not resolved, with the exception of complaints about obscene, indecent, or profane programming, which should be submitted in the manner described previously -- and complaints about blanketing interference discussed earlier -- the best way to provide all the information the FCC needs to process your complaint about other broadcast matters is to fully complete an on-line complaint at https://consumercomplaints.fcc.gov/hc/en-us. Some independent local public radio stations buy their programming from distributors such as NPR; Public Radio International (PRI); American Public Media (APM); Public Radio Exchange (PRX); and Pacifica Radio, most often distributed through the Public Radio Satellite System (PRSS). Finally, a prospective station licensee expecting to employ five or more full-time employees must file an FCC Form 396-A Broadcast Model Program Report with its new station or assignment or transfer application. If you feel the need to do so, we encourage you to write directly to station management or to network officials to comment on their broadcast service. the system of racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction. U.S. federal government support for public radio and television is filtered through the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), which operates as a separate organization. When filing these types of applications, the applicant is required to publish a series of notices, generally in a local newspaper, containing information similar to that noted above regarding renewal applications. Applications and Related Materials All Class A television stations began operating digitally in 2015. Additional information about false or misleading advertising can be found at Complaints About Broadcast Advertising. As required by the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010, the FCC has adopted rules to require some, but not all, television programs to include audio description. After we hear from the public and consider all comments received, we generally have several options. They require all stations that employ five or more full-time employees (defined as those regularly working 30 hours a week or more) to: Each licensee with five or more full-time employees must maintain records of its recruitment efforts and create and place in its public file (https://publicfiles.fcc.gov) an annual public file report listing specified information about its recruitment efforts. FCC Regulation of Broadcast Radio and Television. The ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) established the "separate but equal" rule. The organization has a digital operation as well. The Communications Act. All television sets with screens 13 inches or larger manufactured since mid-1993, including digital sets, have built-in decoder circuitry. Video Description It is not necessary to retain any of the materials relating to the negotiation between the parties to reach the disposition. WTTW How Hip Hop Changed the World Fight the Power Hip Hop is adopted as the voice of protest around the world. The FCC also requires television stations to make the local emergency information that they provide to viewers accessible to persons with disabilities. (The requirements for the EEO portion of the public file are discussed further in this Manual.) In the United States, other than a few direct services, public broadcasting is almost entirely decentralized and is not operated by the government, but does receive some government support. Public broadcasting in the United States is not essentially a public service broadcaster, although it sometimes acts as one. "Affective intelligence" refers to the fact that individuals will often quickly form opinions in response to current events by using their emotions as a guide. If you are submitting an audio or video tape, DVD, CD or other type of media with your complaint, you should send it to the following address to avoid mail processing damage: Federal Communications Commission Silhouette images from motion picture films were broadcast to the general public on a regular basis, at a resolution of just 48 lines. Most broadcast stations have an obligation to provide news, public affairs, and other programming that addresses important issues facing its community. There are three applications of this separation principle: 1) bumpers between program and advertising content (e.g., and now for a commercial break); 2) the host selling policy, which prohibits the use of program talent to deliver commercials; and 3) program-length commercials (PLC), which the Commission defines as a program associated with a product in which commercials for that product are aired (when a PLC occurs, then the entire program is considered a commercial). Objectionable Programming. 9.1 The Evolution of Television - Understanding Media and Culture Applications for License Renewal. There is a very plausible argument that public service broadcasting (PSB), as an idea and a set of institutions, was one of the singular, great creations of the 20th century. It enables parents to identify programming containing sexual, violent, or other content that they believe may be harmful to their children. (Further data on podcasting is available in a separate fact sheet. Email: tvinfo@fcc.gov. Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts, its primary funder. At the request of 39 members of the U.S. House of Representatives, the FCC conducted a proceeding asking the publics comment on violent programming. Lotteries conducted as a promotional activity by commercial organizations that are clearly occasional and ancillary to the primary business of that organization, as long as the lotteries are authorized or not otherwise prohibited by the state in which they are conducted. For purposes of the commercial limits, commercial matter is airtime sold for purposes of selling a product or service and promotions of television programs or video programming services other than childrens or other age-appropriate programming appearing on the same channel, or promotions for childrens educational and informational programming appearing on any channel. Rules Programming from PRX, which distributes programs such as The World and The Takeaway, reached a terrestrial audience of about 9.5 million on average per week, roughly the same as in 2019. Send notices of openings to organizations in the community that are involved in employment if the organization requests such notices; and. Except as required by the Communications Act, including the use of stations by candidates for public office, licensees have no obligation to allow any particular person or group to participate in a broadcast or to present that person or groups remarks. The majority of public television stations are owned by educational institutions and independent entities (including colleges and universities, municipal education boards, and nonprofit organizations); however, some statewide public television networks are operated as state government agencies, and some standalone public television stations serving an individual market are run by a municipal government or a related agency within it. https://www.fcc.gov/proceedings-actions/daily-digest. The Communications Act and the Commissions rules require television station licensees to broadcast certain information that makes viewing more accessible to people with disabilities. public broadcasting in the united states quizlet During the late nineteenth century, the equal protection clause was severely limited in scope by the Supreme Court. Display of Internet Website Addresses In light of their discretion to formulate their programming, station licensees are not required to broadcast everything that is offered or otherwise suggested to them. The Constitutions protection of free speech includes programming that may be objectionable to many viewers or listeners. This is called "blanketing" interference. there is a division of opinion among conservatives, with pro-business conservatives accepting immigration and social conservatives strongly opposing immigration to the United States. No federal law prohibits the broadcast by stations of requests for funds for legal purposes (including appeals by stations for contributions to meet their operating expenses), if the money or other contributions are used for the announced purposes. Broadcast Journalism The Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 chartered a new national, but theoretically nongovernmental, agencythe Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB). Class A TV Continuing Eligibility Documentation

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